第一章 句子的形成
概說
第一節 可作主語的詞類
1。動名詞或不定式短語作主語
It做形式主語時，真正主語改為不定式短語或名詞性從句。
Eg. Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.
=It's one of his hobbies to collect stamps.
也有例外。
It's no use+動名詞短語
Eg. It's no use crying over spilt milk.
It's no use+動名詞短語
It's useless+不定式短語
It's of no use+不定式短語
There is no use/sense/point+in+動名詞詞語
Eg. He doesn't study makes me angry.(×）
That he doesn't study makes me angry.（√）
2。名詞性從句作主語
名詞性從句的種類。
1）that 從句
2）whether 從句
3）疑問詞 從句
名詞性從句作介詞的賓語，唯獨that從句不可以，但也有補救方法
1) 直接去掉介詞
2)介詞+the fact+that 從句
Eg. I am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.
3）去掉that。that從句中的主語變成所有格。動詞變動名詞
Eg. I am worried about his playing around all day.
a)that從句中若有助動詞do/does/did/will/would時，去掉即可
Eg. I am worried about that he doesn't study.
Eg. I am worried about his not studying.
b)that從句中若有以下助動詞時，做以下變化
may變為be likely to
can 變為 be able to
Eg. I am happy about that he may come.
Eg. I am happy about his being likely to come.
注意：幾個特例
in that 因為
except that 除了
notwithstanding that 盡管
=despite the fact that
=in spite of the fact that
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